Inclined coking retort oven



Jan. 26 1926.

WWW

' J. VAN AcKE-REN INCLINEDvCOKING RETORT OVEN Filed Sept. 29, '1921 @wki 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 J. VAN ACKEREN INCLINED COKINGRETORT OVEN Filed V,sgptf 29. 1921 Jul.A 26 1926.

. J. VAN CKEREN INCLINED coKING nToRT ovsjl ile sept. 23, 1921 Y ovenconstruction, v

Patented 111.26, 1926*.` Y

JOSEPH VAN. ACKEREN, or PITTSBURGH;rnNNsvnvAnrA, AssI'GNoR 'ro THEKoPPEns COMPANY; or PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, A conPonATIoN orPENNSYLVANIA;

INCLINED COKING BETORT OVEN.

Application mea september 29,4921. .sunnita 504,142'.

T0 all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPHvAN ACKEREN, a citizen of thevUnited States,residing in Pittsburgh, Vin the county of y Allegheny. and StateofPennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement Retort Ovens,of which the following Yis a specification.

Thfs invention comprehends improvements in the art of inclined cokingretort ovens, and has for objects the provision of an inclined retortthat is highly efficient in operation and which will produce high gradecoke and eect a substantially complete-byproduct recovery, although theentire distilling operation is conducted 'rap-idly and with greatconservationand equality in distribution of the heat.

Important characteristics of the invention are: the employment of; -theVcombination oven principle in an inclined coking retort whereby v'theheat for coking the charges of coal in the retorts or coking chambersmay be ydeveloped from the combustion of'gas of distillation of the coalcoked in such retorts, yor alternatively, from a special generator gassuch as producer gas, in order tov conserve the entire product of theVrelatively richer 'coke oven gas; the provision of a system ofcombustion in the ame or combustion flues of the heating walls of theretort chambers, and of flow through the regenerators, by which systemthe flow from individual regenerators and ues may be regulated by meansthat is readily accessible to the operator of the retort battery; theattainment of equality in distribution of the heating eect inthe-heating walls with the employment of the eX- traneously derived gas,such as producer gas, for fuel; and, as a 'further feature of theinvention, the provision of expansion joints extending crosswise of thebattery, permitting such expansionto occur as is necessary to maintainthe -entire structure in proper alignment, and yet locating l. suchexpansion joints so that they by-pass the regenerators to the flues,which the result that.y leakage from the fuel gas regenerators into theinflow air regenerators or the outflow regenerators is avoided. t

In addition tothe general objects recited above, the invention has for,furtherv objects such other improvements or advantages in in InclinedCoking construction.andoperation as are found to obtain inthe structuresand devices which will now'be described and claimed.`

In the accompanying drawin s, forming a part of this specification' ands owing, for purposesV of exemplification, a preferred form and manner,in which the invention may be embodied and practiced, butwithout'limiting the claimed invention yspecifically to suchfspeciicinstance or instances:

Figure lis a vertical sectional elevation of an inclined retortconstruction embodying features above speciiedand constructed inaccordance with the improvements of the present invention, thel vViewbeing taken crosswise through aheating Wall and the n regeneratorsin avertical plane indicate by the line A-A of Fig.- 2;

v Fig. 2 is a composite vertical sectional ele-. vationtakenvlongitudinally of a battery of. mclmed retorts, in planes indicated vbythe lines C-'Cand D-D of Fig. l;

Fig. 3 is another crosswise section of the retort battery, the viewbeing taken through a retort in a plane indicated by the y'line B-B ofFig. 2; and y Fig. 4 is a composite horizontal elevationv and sectionalview of the retortbattery, the view beingtaken on the several planesindicated by the lines F--F,y G-G, H-II andcM-M-o'f Fig. 1.

The `same characters Vof reference designate-the same 'parts in each ofthe several views ofthe drawings. a In its present embodiment, theinvention is incorporated in a combination inclined coking retort ovendesigned for the employment of either thecoke oven gas, or alternativelyfor the employment of an extraneously derived gas, such as producer gas,'for the heating fuel. For convenience, the present description will beconned to this use of the invention; features of construction andoperation are however capable of other valuable applications such as inan inclined retort oven construction designed solely for the employmentof the extraneously derived gas as fuel; consequently the scope of theinvention is not confined to the specific vuse and specific embodimentherein described as an illustrative example. j

Referring to the drawings: There are i1- lustrated views of an inclinedretort oven of the by-product type, as herein vabove mentioned,whichyretort embodies in its construction a plurality of intermediatevertically elongated inclined retorts 'or coliing chambers 12, 12, saidCoking chambers inclining downwardly from the charging and distillateout-flow lend to the discharge end, as shown 4in'Fig. v3.' The inclinedheating walls 11 form the side walls of the respective coking chambers12, Vas shown more particularly in Fig. 2j Together, with theregenerators hereinafter .inentioned, the heating wallsy 11, and cokingchambers 112 are supported by the heavy supporting walls 13, 13, thatrest on the mat 14 of the bat-l tery and are spaced, as shown in Fig. 2,to provide intermediate tunnels 15 that afford access to thelow-regulatingmeans of the several regenerators, as will hereinafterappear.

The coal to be coked isgcharged into the retorts 12 throughchargingvholes 16 located in the top of the vretort battery and at theupper ends of the'several retort chambers, and the finished coke isdischarged through the door openings 17 that are located at the bottomof the several inclined retorts 12. The inclination ofthe retorts 12 issubstantially that of the angle of repose of the coal charged into saidretorts and, when the doors are-removed from the discharge openings 17the finished coke will slide by gravity out ofl the retorts12'. Duringthe coking or distilling operation, the holes 16 of the respectiveretorts are employed as distillate outlets, and, in order to conservethe above distillate and ases, said holes 16 are, throughout thedistilhng operation, coniinunicably connected with any suitable type ofgas off-take main. A djacent to each combined charging and distillateoutlet 16, there is 'provided in the top of each retort 12, a smoke hole18, which is closed by any suitable cover during the distillingoperation, butpreferably opened during the charging operation, to allowthe escape of smoke which arises as the coal is charged into the hot'retort.

Heat :for coking thecharges of coal into the several retort chambers 12is derived from the heating walls 11 above mentioned. Referring now moreparticularly to Fig. 1, each heating wall 11 is constituted of aplurality of vertical combustion llues 19` that are operatively disposedinto pairs l, each such pair being constituted of a lower flue L ofrelatively lesser height and an upper flue U oi" relatively greaterheight. rlhe flues of each pair K are cominunicably connected at theirupper ends by a passageway 2O permitting the combustion products fromone flue, which is operating for inflow, to pass inwardly and downthrough the other flue,.which is operating for outflow, of the samepair. The flues U of' alternate pairs and the flues L of intermediatepairs operate concurrently io'i' flow in the sainedirection,

vThe regenerators 21 are incorporated in the inclined refractorystructure 22 that is located beneath the retorts 12andthe'heating-walls* 11.' Each re-generator 21 is a chambercontainingfopen brickwo'rk, commonly calledv checkerwork, and indicatedat 23, with a duct 24 underneath said checkerwork. As shown in Fig. 1the regenerators corresponding to each heating wallllare, of course,disposed-at different'l'eve'lsor tiers, and veach series of regeneratorsthat extends longitudinally of the rbattery along the same tier iscomniunicably connected by means of the ducts 24 individual to theregenerators with a channel 25 extending longitudinally of the retortbattery and con-V stituting a flow means through which a gaseous mediumis introduced into thel several regenerators with which said channel iscommunicably connected, or exhausted from the regenerators when thelatter are` operating for outflow. The severalregenerators are heated,in altern'atiomby theV hot combustion products that are exhausted fromthe llame or combustion flues hereinbefore mentioned and then impartsuoli heat to the medium that they feed into these flame flues.

ln accordance with the invention, the se ries of regeneratorscorresponding to each heating wall is disposed into groups N ofalternatepairs of' regenerators and groups() of intermediate pairs ofregenerators. W ith the exception of the extreme upper and lower pairsof regenerators of the series, each regenerator 21 is communicablyconnected by means of ducts fines, the ducts 26 ofthe respectiveregenerators 21 leading ferent adjacent pairs K, as shown in Fig` 1. Theducts 26, however, may lead fromindividual portions of a regenerator,separated by the partition 33, as shown in Fig. 2. The extreme upperand'lower pairs of' regenerators are each connected by a ducit 27 withthe extreme `upper and lower flame flues oi" the corresponding heatingwall. With this construction, each llame flue 19 of each heating wall iscoinmunicably connected by a duct system with a pair of' adjacentseparate regenerators, the flow through the communicably connectedregenerators being mainv` tained concurrently in the same direction asthe flow through the flues.

In the present embodiment of' the invention, one member-of each pairrotlflame fines 26 with two adjacent flame however to flame flues of difaWhen the, battery gas, the ducts 29 feed the coke oven gas toy while theother member of flame flues isv operating for downow to conyey wasteproducts to the regenerators beneath. The reversal in flow through theflame flues. 19 and their communicably connected, regenerators iseffected at the end of an operati-ng period, determined by practice, andby means of any preferred type of reversing mechanism. The function ofsuch reversal is as follows: The regenerators thatVV prior to thereversal operated as inflow regenerators become outflow regenerators,and the. outflow regenerators become infiow operating regenerators. TheupburningI flues. switch function with the downfiow operating flues, andthe supply of gas, is turned off from the` previously up burning fluesand turned on into the inlets of the previously downflow operatingflues.

K is burning,I each pair of said The tops of the respective flues 19 maybev reached yby accessflues 28. extended vertically through the top ofthe battery construction, there being an access fiue, positioned overeach4 flame, flue of each heating wall.

In order to permit the alternative employment of coke oven gas as thefuel, a vertical coke 'oven gas, supply duct 29 extends through the topof the battery construction over each channel 20, of each heating wall.is employing coke oven the flues 19 that are operating for downflow, andthe air to Support combustion is suppliedA by the upfIow-operating flues19 that communicate by the channels 20 withsaid downflow o-peratingfines. The supply of coke oven gasv 'is derived from supply-devices,suchl as they gas guns L10 which enter ther inlets of the respectiveducts 29 and are communicably 'connected with a suitable coke-oven gaslmain Lll suitably supported over the top of each Vheat-ing wall.

A specialfeature of the invention resides in the individual connections24 of the several regenerators of each tier to the flow channel 25corresponding to that tier. As shown in Fig. 1, each such ductconnection 24 isl in substantial registry with an inspection holeSOcorresponding to each individual duct connect-ion. The flow through theindividual regenerators may thus be regulated by means of the usualmovable dampers or slide bricks 31 located in the several flow channels25 adjacent to the points of communication of the ducts 24 with saidflow channels. The inspection holes'BO may be reached conveniently by anoperator stationedA in a tunnel 1.5 and a rod may be inserted throughsponding to any individual regenerator for the purpose of regulating theflow between the` regenerator and the channel 25,l independently of thefiow between the other ref generators and said channeh The operationA ofthe inclinedl retort. batthe inspection hole corretery, assuming thatthere is employed aspe cia generator gas, suchl as ordinary producergas, as the fuel, is as follows: A supply of producer gas ispermittedrto flow through the. corresponding flow channel 25 into oneregenerator P of the. inflow operating pairs, such asvpairs N. Passingthrough said regenerators, the producer gas is preheated before beingdelivered into vthe burning flame flues. During the inflow of producergasr into said regenerators P, air flows into the regenerators A. ofsaid inflow operating pairs N and passing through said regenerators ispreheated prior to its delivery into the burn` ing flame flues. In theflame flues, which are communicably connected by the channels 2O to the,burning flame fines, downflow is :n aintained, said downflow operating.lflame flues receiving the waste products from the burn' ing flame fluesand delivering such waste products to the regenerat'ors that, are operating as outflow regenerators WV. On reversal of the generators andflues become outflow regenerators and flues and concurrently outflowre-` generators and flues become inow regenerators and flues. r

In operating the battery with coke oven gas, the supply of producer gasto the inflow regenerators P is shut off and air is. permitted to flowinto such regenerators in place of the producer gas. During coke ovengas operation, a supply ofcoke oven gas is maintained in the ducts 29vwhich feed such gas to be, burned downwardly in the downflow flues. Thereversing mechanism is operated at eachl reversal to place all of theinflow operating regenerators in communication with the air supply, andconcurrently communication with the exhaust.

Alternatively, during such coke oven gas operation, .some of theinflow-operating regenerators, such as the regenerators P may beemployed for conveying to the upflow flues a neutral gaseous diluent,such` as. return waste gas, which mixes in said flues with the airsupplied by the inflow regenerators A and has the effect of ylengtheningthe flames in the downflow burning flues, thereby preventing flameconcentration in the upper region of the heatingr walls and effectingother advantageous results fully set forth in the co-pending applicationof Joseph Becker for Letters Patent of the United States, for a cokingretort oven, filed April 23, 1,920, Serial No. 376,126.`

A further feature of the invention resides in the novel expansion jointconstruction. As shown in Figs. 2 and 4, the expansion joints 32 aredisposed in vertical planes crosswise of the battery and` extend betweenregenerators which only operate for the How of air or waste heat.. The.expansion joints. arel located entirely` remote from those, re-

all of the outflow vregenerators in Cfr flow, thepinflow operatingrelliy or into the producer gas regenerators is avoided. These expansionlioints permit expansion le" 'o'itud' Aally of the battery Without anyntiul danger of leakage deyelopir in tile structure and particularly inthose regenerators which are employed tor the producer gas.

rEhe invention as hereinabove set forth is en'ibodied in a particularform of construction, but may be variously embodied Within the scope otthe claims hereinafter made.

lllhat l claim is:

l. in an inclined retort battery, in combination a plurality ot inclinedretort chambers; heating' Walls contiguous to said retort chambers andrespectively constituted of vertical combustion tlues, the llues of eachheating Wall being grouped into pairs with one member ot cach paircommunilcably connected with the other member of the same pair,regenerators disposed in tiers at a lower level than said combustiontlues and grouped into crosswise series corresponding to the respectiveheating Walls, each combustion flue being communicably connected With apair ot' such regenerators, and each pair of the thus connectedregenerators, when operating for in-low, being constituted of an airregenerator and a regenerator for feeding fuel gas; lloiv channelsextending longitudinally ol" the battery and individually correspondingWith the respective tiers ol' regenerators, each flow channel beingcommunicably connected by separate duct means with the individualregenerators of its respective tier; and regulable damper meansindividual to the duct means connecting individual regenerators Withsuch flow channels; substantially as specified.

ln an inclined retort battery, in combination: a plurality of inclinedretort chambers; heating` Walls contiguous to such retort chambers andrespectively constituted ot' vertical combustion fines; regeneratorsdisposed in tiers at a lower level than said combustion tlues andgrouped into crcsswvise series corresponding to the respective heatingWalls and communicably connected with said combustion flues; flowchannels extending longitudinally of the battery and individuallycorresponding with the respective tiers of regenerators, each Howchannel being communicably connected by separate ductmeans With theindividual regenerators of its respective tier; and regulable dampermeans individual to the duct means connectingindividual regeneratorsWith such flow channels; substantially as specified.

In an inclined retort battery, in combination; a plurality of inclinedretort chambers; heating Walls contiguous to such retort chambers andrespectively constituted of vertical combustion lues, the tlues ofcombustion tlues, the tlues of `each heating Wall being grouped intopairs with one member ot each pair communicably connected with the othermemberof the same pair, combined with regenerators disposed intiers at aloyver level than said combustion llues and grouped into crosswiseseries corresponding to the respective heating Walls, each combustionflue being ycommunicably connected with a pair of such regenerators, andeach pair of the thus connected regencraters, when operating for inflow,being y constituted of an air regenerator and a regenerator for feedingfuel gas; substantially as specilied.

5. An inclined retort battery having a plurality of inclined retortchambers, and heating Walls contiguous to said retort chambers andrespectively constituted of vertical combustion lues, the fines of eachheating wall being grouped into pairs With one member of each paircommunicably connected with the other member of the same pair, combinedWith regenerators disposed in tiers at a lower level. than saidcombustion tlues and grouped into crosswise series corresponding to therespective heating Walls, each combustion lue being communicablyconnected with a pair of such regenerators; substantially as specified.

6. An inclined retort battery having a plurality of inclined retortchambers, lined heating Walls contiguous to said retort chambers, andcrosswise regenerators directly communicably connected with said heatingWalls, combined with regulable means for etlecting individual control ofthe flow through individual regenerators; substantially as specified. l

7. An inclined retort battery having a plurality of crosswise inclinedretort chambers, crossivise heating Walls contiguous to said retortchambers, and regenerators disposed in tiers at a lower level than saidheating Walls and grouped into crossvvise series corresponding to therespective heating walls, combined With llovv channels eX- tendinglongitudinally of the battery and individually corresponding With therespec- Eil) tive tiers of regenerators, each flow channel beingcommunicably connected by separate duct means with the individualregenerators of its respective tier, and regulable damper inea-nsindividual to the duct means connecting individual regenerators withsuch flow channels; substantially as specified.

8. In an inclined retortbattery having a plurality of retort chambers,and heating walls contiguous to such retort chambers, combined with theimprovement characterized by regeneratorsy disposed vin' seriescoiresponding to the respective heating walls, longitudinal channelsinterconnecting said regenerators, and means f-or regulating the flowbetween individual regenerators and said longitudinal channels;substantially as specified. c c v v 9. In an inclined reto-rt batteryhaving a plurality of inclined retort chambers, and fluid heating wallscontiguous to said retort chambers, combined with the improvementcharacterized by crosswise regenerators disposed in series individual toeach heating wall, and means for effecting individual regulation of theflow through individual regenerators; substantially as specified.

l0. In an inclined retort battery having a plurality of retort chambers,and heating walls contiguous to said retort chambers, combined with theimprovement characterized by regenerators disposed in tiers and roupedinto crosswise series corresponding to the respective heating walls, acommon fiow channel for all the regenerators of each tier, and means,for effecting individual regulation of the flow through individualregenerators; substantially as specified. c

11. In an inclined retort battery having a plurality of crosswiseinclined retort chambers, and crosswise heating walls contiguous to saidretort chambers, combined with the improvement characterized byregenerators disposed in series corres onding to the* respective heatingwalls, ow channels interconnecting said regenerators longitudinally ofthe battery, and means for effecting `individual regulation of the flowin individual regenerators; substantially as specified.

.12. In an inclined retort battery, in combination: ak plurality ofinclined retort chambers; heating walls contiguous to said retortchambers; regenerators disposed in series corresponding to therespective heating walls and constituted of air, fuel gas, and wasteheat regenerators, and crosswise expansion joints extended only betweenthe air and waste heat regenerators and bypassing the aforesaid fuel gasregenerators, whereby leakages of the fuel gas are avoided;substantially as specified.

13. An inclined retort battery having a pluralityy of inclined retortchambers, heating -walls contiguous to saidvretort chambers, andregenerators communicably connected with said heating walls and consti--tuted of air, fuel gas, and waste heat regenerators,-combined withexpansion joints eX- tended only between air and waste heat regeneratorsand by-passing the fuel gas regenerators, whereby leakages of the fuelgas are avoided, substantially as specified.

14'. An inclinedretort battery having a plurality of inclined retortchambers, heating walls contiguous to said retort chambers, andvregenerators communicably connected with said heatingwallsandconstituted of air, fuel gas, combined with expansion jointsextended crosswise of the batteryand located in the structure so as toby-pass the aforesaid fuel gas regenerators, whereby leakages of fuelgas are avoided; substantially as specified.

15. In an inclined retort battery, in combination: Aa plurality ofinclined retort chambers; heating walls contiguous to such and wasteheat regenerators,

retort chambers and respectively constituted of vertical combustionflues, the flues of each heating wall being grouped into pairs with onemember of each nected with the other memberof the same pair;regenerators disposed in tiers at a lower level than said combustionflues vand grouped into crosswise series corresponding to the respectiveheating walls, said regenerators being communicably connected with saidcombustion flues; and fuel gas supply vconnections communicablyconnectedv wlth the upper ends of the respective pairs of combustionflues; substantially as specified.

16. In an inclined retort battery having a plurality of retort chambers,andA heating walls contiguous to such retort chambers, combined with theimprovement characterized Vby inflow and outflow regeneratorscommunicably connected with the respective heating walls, the infiowregenerators being jointly operable for conveying air to the saidheating walls or separately operable for conveying air and anextraneously derived gas, and supply connections for feeding fuel gas tothe upper portion of said heating walls;'substant1ally as specified.

In testimony signature, this 24th day of September, 1921.

JOSEPH VAN ACKEREN.

whereof I hereunto affix my pair communicably conl

